Aircraft Formation Flight Control Technology for Heterogeneous Formation Flight - SBIR Topic DON26BZ01-NV004

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This topic was temporarily posted by the Department of War SBIR Program on March 2nd 2026 and removed the following day.
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Funding Amount:

Est. $240,000

Deadline to Apply:

Est. April 29th, 2026.

Objective:

Develop an advanced flight control architecture to enable greater range and endurance through precise automatic station keeping while flying in formation and exploiting vortex-generated upwash from upstream aircraft.

Description:

Wake surfing (i.e., flying trail in close formation within the upwash of one or several lead aircraft) has demonstrated significant fuel savings on the order of 10-20%. Researchers have conducted multiple studies and executed flight demonstrations in the past that validated performance gains. However, the adoption of an operational capability still faces challenges.

One key challenge is the technical approach for trailing aircraft to maintain precise relative position behind upstream aircraft in the optimal location to maximize efficiency. While this task can be performed through manual pilot station keeping, the task is workload intensive and is not practical for long missions. There is a need for an autopilot flight control capability to maintain the position for optimum fuel savings (i.e., the “sweet spot”), realizing this significant range/endurance benefit opportunity with minimal or zero pilot workload. Flight control architectures must be capable of precise station keeping in aircraft formations of similar/dissimilar and manned/unmanned fixed wing aircraft. Flight control architectures may include techniques to sense the location of the vortex/upwash effects both with and without explicit knowledge of aircraft relative positions.

The objective is to create robust flight control laws for trailing aircraft in similar or dissimilar formations to exploit the benefits of wake surfing. Unique aircraft hardware and modifications should be minimized to the greatest extent possible to achieve this objective. To achieve robust control law development for precision formation flight, the problem can be broken into coarse and precision tracking problems, with some interdependencies between the two. It is strongly desired that both problems be solved without additional hardware integration for participating vehicles and zero data-link demands.

For coarse acquisition and tracking, it is expected that the relative position between participating aircraft needs to be established and maintained in the general vicinity of the lead’s wing-tip vortex. Relative position must be maintained while sequencing waypoints or tracking a heading or ground track to accomplish ingress/egress mission segments. Consideration in the development of coarse acquisition and tracking capability should be given to Global Positioning System unavailability.

For precision position tracking and control, it is expected that aircraft sensors (e.g. air data, inertial, flight controls) affected by the influences of the wing tip vortex on the trail aircraft can be identified and exploited to locate optimal position. Control architecture gains and surface mixing influences necessary for acquiring and tightly tracking the optimal location in the presence of the non-linear wing tip vortices and free stream turbulence must be considered.

Who will win?

If you can achieve the objective above better than any other company on the market, you have a very high-likelihood of success and should apply.

Who is eligible to apply?

Any company that meets the following criteria:

• For-profit company

• U.S.-owned and controlled.

• 500 or fewer employees (including affiliates)

How Can BW&CO Help?

1) End-to-end support including, strategy, writing of the full proposal, and administrative & compliance support.

2) Proposal strategy and review.

3) Administrative & compliance support.

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